River is the cradle of human civilization. Our ancestors are able to survive and develop cultures and human societies because river is a namely steady water source. But in modern era, water is transported and provided by complex pipes underground. Just like river bank might collapsing, pipes buried underground might be pressured to crack. According to ‘’the guardian’’, 3.36 billion liters of water a day are currently being leaked by the water company in UK. In United States, 2.1 trillion gallons of water is lost because of aging and leaky pipes by the report of national public radio. Besides, the world average water leaking rate is 18 %. So the water leakage problem is extremely serious in the world.
*http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/may/08/water-companies-leaks-target-drought
*http://www.npr.org/2014/10/29/359875321/as-infrastructure-crumbles-trillions-of-gallons-of-water-lost
pipefix 